This 2-year project aims to 1) improve on the L/T effectiveness of Chinese Language for NCS students in designated, non-designated, and main stream schools in Hong Kong; 2) enhance the capability of teachers in the L/T of Chinese Language for NCS students by nurturing them as curriculum developers, curriculum leaders, facilitators of learning and action researchers in schools; 3) Identify important features or characteristics of the Chinese language learning of NCS secondary school students through school-based curriculum development and the use of assessment tools; 4) develop/identify appropriate instructional strategies and practices, taken into consideration the Chinese language learning characteristics of the NCS students, and supported by leading-edge education theories and research findings, as well as effective learning.